South African Reserve Bank Maintains Repo Rate at 7.5% Amid Global Economic Uncertainty

The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) has decided to keep the repo rate steady at 7.5%, maintaining the prime lending rate at 11%. SARB Governor Lesetja Kganyago announced the decision on Thursday, citing rising global uncertainty, inflation risks, and geopolitical tensions as key factors behind the move.

Global Economic Pressures Influence Decision

The decision comes amid increasing tensions between South Africa and the United States, particularly following the expulsion of South African Ambassador Ebrahim Rasool from the U.S. This diplomatic fallout follows accusations by former U.S. President Donald Trump that South Africa is implementing land reform policies that enable the confiscation of white-owned farms without compensation.

Further complicating matters, Trump signed an executive order in February cutting off American aid to South Africa, citing concerns over these land policies. The SARB’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) factored in the possibility of South Africa losing duty-free access to U.S. markets under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), which would have significant economic consequences.

“If South Africa were to lose AGOA benefits, we see some weakening of exports and slightly lower growth,” Kganyago stated. “The most severe scenario we considered added a sentiment shock, with a weaker rand, higher domestic inflation, and therefore a tighter policy stance.”

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Economic Growth Outlook Revised Lower

Despite maintaining interest rates, the SARB downgraded its growth projections.

• The 2024 GDP growth forecast was revised down to 0.6%, from the earlier estimate of 0.7%.
• The 2025 GDP growth forecast was lowered to 1.7%, down from 1.8% in January.

Kganyago explained that while household spending contributed to modest growth in late 2023 and early 2024, broader economic performance remained sluggish. Factors such as subdued demand, supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical instability have contributed to the weaker growth outlook.

Inflation Remains Low but Risks Persist

South Africa’s inflation rate held steady at 3.2% in February, unchanged from January, which is well below the SARB’s target of 4.5%.

Chief Economist for the Bureau for Economic Research, Hugo Pienaar, noted that the low inflation rate played a key role in the decision to hold interest rates steady.

“This week’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) data showed inflation remained at 3.2% year-on-year, which is significantly lower than historical trends. This gave the SARB room to keep rates unchanged,” Pienaar said.

However, SARB officials remain cautious about inflationary risks. A potential rand depreciation due to strained U.S.-South Africa relations could push import prices higher, fueling higher inflation in the coming months.

Financial Market Reactions and Investor Sentiment

The SARB’s decision was widely expected by economic analysts and investors. Economist Ulrich Joubert stated that the global economic landscape, particularly uncertainty in the U.S., was a major influence on the decision.

“The Reserve Bank had little choice but to maintain rates, given the uncertainty in U.S. markets, the direction of monetary policy under the Trump administration, and ongoing financial market volatility,” Joubert explained.

Market analysts will closely watch upcoming economic data and policy announcements from the U.S. Any further deterioration in U.S.-South Africa trade relations could put pressure on the SARB to adjust interest rates in future meetings.

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Future Outlook: Will Interest Rates Remain Stable?

While the repo rate remains at 7.5%, Kganyago hinted that interest rates may stabilize at a neutral level of around 7.25% in the future. However, this depends on several factors, including:

• U.S.-South Africa trade relations: If South Africa loses AGOA benefits or faces new tariffs, the rand could weaken, forcing the SARB to tighten monetary policy.
• Inflation trends: If inflation remains low and stable, interest rates could gradually ease.
• Global economic conditions: A slowdown in global trade or further geopolitical tensions could lead to uncertainty in investment flows.

The SARB’s decision to maintain the repo rate at 7.5% reflects caution amid global uncertainty. While low inflation and moderate household spending have provided some economic relief, political tensions with the U.S slower GDP growth, and potential trade risks remain key concerns.

For consumers, interest rates on loans, mortgages, and credit remain unchanged, providing stability in the short term. However, the evolving global economic landscape means that future rate cuts or hikes cannot be ruled out. South Africans will need to stay informed about key economic indicators and potential policy shifts that could impact their financial well-being.